Maine Farm Safety Program

University of Maine Cooperative Extension
Bulletin #2294

Front-End Loader Safety
by Dawna L. Cyr, Farm Safety Project Assistant, and Steven B. Johnson, Ph.D., Extension crops specialist

Front-end loaders are versatile and can be a valuable tool for farm work. However, they change the center of gravity and the stability in the tractor-loader combination, so they can be dangerous if not operated properly. Changing the center of gravity presents a potential tipping hazard for the operator.

Before Working with a Loader

Read and follow the directions in the operator’s manual for the tractor. Only install loaders designed specifically for the tractor to reduce the chances of an accident with a front–end loader. Equip the loader with a roll-over protection structure and a seat belt for the best protection.

Working with a Loader

Use a front–end loader only for its specific purpose. Never use it for such things as removing fence posts, towing or to knock something down. Never allow people to ride in the bucket. Never walk or work under a raised loader. Raise and lower the loader arms slowly and steadily. Never move or swing a load with people in the work area. If the tractor is to be used in tillage operations, remove the bucket first.

Load the bucket evenly, and avoid overloading to prevent upsets. Do not exceed the load limits listed in the operator’s manual. Keep the bucket low while carrying loads and operating on hills. A hole or sudden bump can easily upset the tractor if the bucket is carried and the rougher the terrain, the greater the danger of an upset.

Unsecured loads such as large, round bales carried without a bale fork or grapple can roll back and crush the operator. With loaded buckets, drive forward when going uphill. Back downhill with loads. Allow extra room to turn and maneuver because of the extension of the bucket.

Travel slowly with front–end loaders filled. Carry the load low, to maintain stability and visibility. However, make sure the load is high enough to avoid contact with the pavement. Be careful when turning with loads, especially those that may shift or slide. Add extra weight on the rear of the tractor to counter-balance the weight of the load of the front end loader. Check the operator’s manual for specific recommendations.

Keep the tractor wheels spread as widely as possible. Avoid using loaders on tricycle-type tractors, because the chances of a sideways upset will increase.

When operating a front–end loader, watch the road or field. Avoid holes, rocks, loose fill or any other obstacle that could upset the tractor. Watch for overhead wire and obstacles when the loader is raised. If working inside buildings, watch for low ceiling beams and doorways to prevent being pinned or crushed between them and the tractor. Also, be sure there is enough ventilation so carbon monoxide from the tractor engine will not build up.

Be very careful when back filling. The weight of the fill material plus the weight of the tractor and loader could cause the new construction of collapse. Avoid undercutting high banks. Watch for falling rocks and cave-ins if a high bank must be undercut. Stay away from the outer edge when working along high banks and slopes.

Finishing Work and Servicing Loaders

When leaving the front–end loader, lower the bucket to the ground. This will keep children and others from accidentally lowering it and injuring someone.

When working on front–end loaders, take precautions. Have the loader safely blocked before working under it or through the loader arms. Work with the bucket down. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for routine maintenance.

Maine Farm Safety Fact Sheet Series -  Index of Titles

This Maine Farm Safety fact sheet is part of an educational fact sheet series produced by University of Maine Cooperative Extension. For more information on farm safety, contact your county Extension office.

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Published and distributed in furtherance of Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by the University of Maine Cooperative Extension, the Land Grant University of the state of Maine and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Cooperative Extension and other agencies of the U.S.D.A. provide equal opportunities in programs and employment.

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